AVANÇOS NO ENTENDIMENTO DA PATOGENIA DA COVID-19: UMA REVISÃO

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25110/arqsaude.v28i1.2024-10499

Palavras-chave:

COVID-19, HLA, SARS-CoV-2, Hiperinflamação

Resumo

Introdução: O SARS-CoV-2, causador da pandemia por Doença por Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) gerou desafios à saúde pública, principalmente pelo conhecimento escasso de sua patogênese, e de estratégias terapêuticas e preventivas eficazes. Diversas lacunas de conhecimento sobre a doença envolvem a contribuição de fatores de risco, as doenças concomitantes, os fatores genéticos e imunogenéticos, no direcionamento da resposta imune, bem como a hiperinflamação, a imunidade antiviral e os alelos dos antígenos leucocitários humanos (HLAs) dos pacientes, que estão relacionados ao desfecho da doença. Objetivo: Esta revisão integrativa objetivou aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre os mecanismos de imunidade relacionada aos fatores de risco, da hiperinflamação e da tempestade de citocinas decorrente da infecção por SARS-CoV-2, bem como os avanços de associação dos HLAs nos agravos da doença. Metodologia: A revisão integrativa foi realizada utilizando os descritores nas bases de dados PubMed, SCIELO, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science, MedNar, Portal periódicos CAPES e Open Journal System, sem limites de janela cronológica. Resultados: Os efeitos da pandemia e os esforços na busca do conhecimento sobre a patogênese da COVID-19 resultaram em avanço no combate da doença. Conseguiu-se relacionar fatores de risco como obesidade, hipertensão, diabetes, doenças renais crônicas, idade, gênero, e outras condições predisponentes ao agravo da doença. Sob o aspecto da patogênese, também houveram progressos no entendimento dos mecanismos celulares e humorais em resposta à doença, bem como conseguiu vincular a resposta da hiperinflamação e o perfil dos HLAs dos pacientes à evolução da doença ao óbito ou à convalescência. Conclusão: Os esforços científicos conjuntos e os avanços na compreensão dos mecanismos da doença conseguiram estabelecer estratégias de combate a COVID-19, resultando no fim da pandemia, porém ainda há avanços que devem ser alcançados para o combate das sequelas dos pacientes convalescentes e para minimização da COVID longa e seus prejuízos.

Biografia do Autor

Gilcele Campos Martin Berber, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso

Doutoranda em Ciências da Saúde, Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso

Renata Dezengrini Slhessarenko, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso

Doutora em Medicina Veterinária, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso

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21-03-2024

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BERBER, Gilcele Campos Martin; SLHESSARENKO, Renata Dezengrini. AVANÇOS NO ENTENDIMENTO DA PATOGENIA DA COVID-19: UMA REVISÃO. Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR, [S. l.], v. 28, n. 1, p. 59–82, 2024. DOI: 10.25110/arqsaude.v28i1.2024-10499. Disponível em: https://unipar.openjournalsolutions.com.br/index.php/saude/article/view/10499. Acesso em: 16 nov. 2024.

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